首先,一個段落必須有一個中心,即主題思想,該中心由主題句特別是其中的題旨來表達(dá)。整個段落必須緊扣這個主題(stick or hold to the topic),這就是段落的統(tǒng)一性(unity)。
其次,一個段落必須有若干擴展句,使主題思想得到充分展開,從而給讀者一個完整的感覺,這就是完整性(completeness or adequateness)。
最后,一個段落不是雜亂無章的,而是有機的組合,句子的排列順序必須合乎邏輯,從一個句子到另一個句子的過渡必須流暢(smooth),這就是連貫性(coherence)。根據(jù)文章題目以及你所想要表示的意思下手,下面我們就對這三個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別加以說明。
1、考博英語作文首先要注意的勢統(tǒng)一性
一個段落內(nèi)的各個句子必須從屬于一個中心,任何游離于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。請看下例:
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主題句是段首句,controlling idea(中心思想)是take the long trip across the country。文中出現(xiàn)兩個irrelevant sentences(不相干的句子),一個是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie,這一段是講的是Joe and I ,中間出現(xiàn)一個Bella是不合適的。還有,Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner這一句更是與主題句不相關(guān)。