However， enforcement requires detection， and while some violators may be caught， others might not. Moreover， a broad regulatory system imposes general standards that may not apply equitably to every company. Suppose， for example， that pollution from a company in a valley does more damage to the environment than similar pollution from a company》in the extreme， to shut down the operation if the company cannot afford abatement measures.

Secondly， the argument assumes that the government regulations will properly reflect scientific recommendations. However， this claim is somewhat dubious. Companies with the most money and political influence， not the scientists， might in some cases dictate regulatory standards. In other words， legislators may be more influenced by political expediency and campaign pork than by societal concerns.

Thirdly， waiting until government regulations are in place can have disastrous effects》EPAmight be overburdened with its detection and enforcement duties， thereby allowing continued environmental damage by companies who have not yet been caught or who appeal penalties.

In conclusion， despite uncertainty within the scientific community about what environmental standards are best， companies should not wait for government regulation before reacting to warnings about environmental problems. The speaker’s recommended approach would in many cases operate inequitably among companies： moreover， it ignores the political-corruption factor as well as the potential environmental damage resulting from bureaucratic delay.

37.科技發(fā)展和demande 的改變讓很多人不適應(yīng)工作，到底是政府和公司負(fù)責(zé)還是個(gè)人對(duì)這事負(fù)責(zé)。

考古：

No.87“As technologies and the demand for certain services change， many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker， not to government or to business.”

“當(dāng)某項(xiàng)特定服務(wù)的技術(shù)和需求改變時(shí)，很多工人將失業(yè)。適應(yīng)這種改變的責(zé)任屬于每個(gè)工人而不是政府或企業(yè)�！�

提供觀點(diǎn)：

1、 個(gè)人確實(shí)應(yīng)該首先take the chief responsibility of their job obsolescence. 因?yàn)閷?duì)自己的生活負(fù)責(zé)的人，首先是自己�，F(xiàn)在的社會(huì)也提供了機(jī)會(huì)：很多學(xué)校提供短期的培訓(xùn)，人們可以參加保持自己keep up with the changes of the technologies and new direction of businesses。第二，只有個(gè)人采取主動(dòng)，才能從根本上解決問題。否則merely rely on the help coming from government or business，人們會(huì)變得消極become passive and lose enterprise. 長(zhǎng)期以來，對(duì)整個(gè)社會(huì)都有negative impact on the further development of one society.

2、 但是，這不是說企業(yè)不應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)。after all， 是企業(yè)作出了創(chuàng)新和改變，并且造成了這些改變——并且造成了job obsolescence。應(yīng)該為這些負(fù)責(zé)任。比如，為員工提供opportunity of training for the new technique…，這樣也可以節(jié)約重新培訓(xùn)totally new employee的cost。

3、 Moreover， 政府也應(yīng)該采取一些行動(dòng)。政府作為一個(gè)社會(huì)的管理者supervisor，有責(zé)任保證全社會(huì)的well being. 應(yīng)該幫助個(gè)人完成適應(yīng)adjustment. 可以通過提供一些insurance for unemployment， advice for the occupational choice， necessary information of the new trend of business…

北美范文：

As technology and changing social needs render more and more jobs obsolete， who is responsible for helpingdisplaced workers adjust？ While individuals have primary responsibility for learning new skills and finding work， both industry and government have some obligation to provide them the means of doing so.

l agree that individuals must assume primary responsibility for adjusting to job obsolescence， especially since our educational system has been preparing us for it. For decades， our schools have been counseling young people to expect and prepare for numerous major career changes during their lives. And concerned educatorshave recognized and responded to this eventuality with a broader base of practical and theoretical courseworkthat affords students the flexibility to move from one career to another.

However， industry should bear some of the responsibility as well. It is industry， after all， that determines the particular directions technological progress and subsequent social change will take. And since industry is mainly responsible for worker displacement， it has a duty to help displaced workers adjust—through such means ason-site training programs and stipends for further education.